Luchazi People

Luchazi baby naming In Luchazi culture, a name is given to a person as a form of identification. A baby is normally named after an adult member of its parents' family or close relative of either parent when both baby and relative are of same sex: the owner of the name given to the baby may be living or deceased. The firstborn child, whether son or daughter, is called muana ua ntuatua , or ntuamalute , or ua kuli teta mutue , or ua kuli longesa . There are titular names for the children as to their order of birth: Luchazi titular names - order of birth Kasulantsongo or cizika for last child, whatever number or sex.  Baby names given in special circumstances In Luchazi culture, some names are traditionally predetermined by the circumstances surrounding a child’s birth. These names reflect important cultural beliefs, family experiences, and social values. The following are some of the most common categories. 1. Twins In Luchazi culture, twins (vampasa) are regarded as special gifts ...

Luchazi traditional funerals and burials Traditionally, all the fires of the village are extinguished after the death of a member of the village especially a headman. All mourners are required to camp outside the house of the deceased. Funeral songs are sung in memory of the deceased such as: Vocalist: Oku ku mehia-e, nji ka hiluka Ku vihilo-e, ka nji kuizako Nji ka salako lika liange-e Oku ku mehia-e! Group: nji ka hiluka Ku vihilo-e, ka nji kuizako Cili, nani ntsonange lika liange-e  Traditionally, the corpse is not allowed to pass through the door of the house. Children are not allowed to see a corpse, and an opening is made at the back of house where the corpse is extracted. The corpse is usually placed on a bier known as vuhango . If all customs are done, the deceased is buried in a grave at a village cemetery with the head placed in the eastern direction. Household utensils used by the deceased such as plates or cups or pots are placed on top of the grave (mbumbo) . After the...

Luchazi traditional marriage The Luchazi people have clearly defined ways of choosing a mate according to their traditions. These include marriage by bride price, marriage by capture, and kuzikila. In the past, marriage by capture occurred when men from a victorious village took women from conquered groups as wives, while the captured men were sold into slavery. Kuzikila was a rarer custom, in which a girl was betrothed either on the day of her birth or while still in her mother’s womb. Children of good families were often promised in marriage before they were even born. The process worked as follows: if a man ( a cindunduka ca yala , the only young adult male permitted to perform the ritual) was interested in kuzikila with a friend whose wife was pregnant, he would smear white chalk (mpemba) on the pregnant woman’s stomach and declare that if the child were a girl, she would become his future wife; if a boy, he would become his friend. If a girl was born, the man then completed all ...

Luchazi cultural practices The Luchazi people adhere to a rich system of customary practices and social behaviours that every member is obligated to observe. Handed down through generations, these traditions are rooted in the tribe's history and include essential rituals surrounding birth, adulthood, and death. Luchazi traditional training While formal schooling and written books is a recent addition to Luchazi history, education has always been central to life. Traditionally, children receive extensive training from their immediate family, relatives, and clan; instruction by strangers is strictly forbidden. Learning is immersive in traditional Luchazi society. Children acquire knowledge and skills by observing elders and then practicing what they have seen. From an early age, boys accompany men to the fields, hunting grounds, and communal tasks, while girls work alongside women in farming, food preparation, childcare, and household responsibilities. Learning occurs primarily throu...

Native tax and forced labour system in the colony of Angola The change or shift from slave-based economies was a complex process that extended far beyond formal abolition. The cost of military operations to secure economically strategic points led in 1856 to the imposition of imposto cubata (hut tax) on all Africans, which for the first time had to be paid with currency or trade goods rather than with slaves. By 1861 the Portuguese lacked the resources for continued military expansion or economic development, and most of the interior remained in the control of African traders and warriors. In 1906 the Portuguese introduced a systematic taxation of all Africans in the colony of Angola, and in 1919 the colonial government replaced the hut tax with the imposto indígena (native tax). After abolishing slavery, Portugal still needed a supply of labour. The primary mechanism used to achieve this was the imposto indígena (native tax), a head tax requiring payment in Portuguese currency. Thi...

Slave trade in the Portuguese colony of Angola Historically, the Portuguese colony of Angola was one of the largest source regions for the transatlantic slave trade to the Americas, particularly to Brazil. The Luchazi, along with closely related groups lived in areas heavily impacted by internal warfare and slave raiding. Although the Portuguese authorities in Lisbon initially sent to Angola teachers to educate and priests to proselytize, Portugal eventually came to view the territory mainly as a source for slaves, especially for Brazil, its colony across the Atlantic Ocean. According to historian C.R. Boxer, African slaves were more valued in the Americas than were American Indian slaves because Africans tended to adjust more easily to slavery and because they were less vulnerable to the diseases of Europeans. Boxer also suggests that Jesuits in the New World opposed the notion of using Indians as slaves, whereas they were less resistant to the use of Africans as slaves. Many of these...

The eating etiquette of the Luchazi people Civundu is the staple food and main dish of the Luchazi people, commonly eaten for both lunch and dinner. It is a thick, firm porridge prepared from finely ground cassava or maize flour known as vunga . Civundu is usually served in compact portions and is traditionally eaten with the right hand.  A fist-size lump of civundu is pinched and pulled off or a gob of civundu is grabbed (savula) , rolled into a ball (nkama) and dunked ( ku tanta ) into a variety of accompanying dishes known as vifo (relishes), which may include meat, fish, vegetables, beans, or greens . Traditionally, the Luchazi were predominantly agricultural people whose daily lives revolved around farming. Much of the day was spent working in the fields, especially during the cultivation and harvesting seasons. As a result, lunch was often taken to the fields and consisted of lighter foods that were easy to prepare and carry, such as cooked pumpkins, sweet potatoes, edible ...